romans

    Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of the city state of Rom, founded on the Italian peninsula around 800 BC. Rome was build on seven hills, near a crossing place of the river Tiber. According to ancient legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by the twin brothers Romulus and Remus. They build a city on shores of the Tiber and later Romulus killed his brother and made himself
king. Latium was the region in central Italy, a fertile and densely populated land. The people of Latium were called Latins. The Latins were divided into several tribes and each tribe was dominated by the family chief who guided them into politics,war and religion. The Latins were first influenced and then dominated by their neighbours called Etruscans.
          The Etruscans were great warriors and war was a common occupation especially in the years of weak crops. The Etruscans came to Rome around the 7th century BC. They were heavily influenced by the Greeks and they introduced Greek alphabet and Greek culture in to Rome culture. The Etruscans introduced urban planning to Rome drained the surroundings marshes and build under ground sewers. The also promoted trade, developed metallurgy and improved agriculture in and around Rome. 
          In 390 BC a Celtic speaking European tribe called Gauls attacked Rome. The Rome city was destroyed by this war but they rebuilt the city. There were said to have been seven kings of Rome covering a period of over two hundred years. The first king of Rome the mythical Romulus who was its founder. The second king of Rome was Numa Pompilius who had a peaceful reign. the next was Tullus Hostilus who  took over the sacred festivals of Latium and all the regional prestige and status that came with it. The fourth king was Ancus Martius he extended the city further build first bridge across the Tiber. The fifth king was Tarquinius priscus was an Etruscan. The sixth king was Servius Tullius. He was celebrated the monarch of great achievements. The seventh king Tarquinius Superbus was Rome's last. 
          Julius Caesar was a great general and an important leader in Ancient Rome. During his life time, he had held about every important title in the Roman republic. In 61-60 BC, he served as a governor of the Roman province of Spain. He added the whole of modern France and Belgium to the Roman Empire.  
          Marcus Aurelius was the roman emperor from 161 AD to his death in 180 AD. His rule was marked by a number of progressive social reforms including laws which changed the positions of women and slaves in Roman society by giving them more rights and protections. Cleopatra was the last queen of Egypt. She belonged to the Ptolemies the Macedonian rulers of Egypt who were famous for the way they murdered each other for power. 
           Julius Caesar promised to protect her from her enemies. Her charms were such that she became Caesar's mistress and bore his son. After tragic end of Caesar, Mark Antony and Octavian became the rulers of Roman Empire. Cleopatra then made an alliance with Mark Antony and later became his lover. As Cleopatra's friend and Octavian's rival, Antony joined the battle of Actium. But the result was against him. With in weeks of Antony's suicide in 30 BC Cleopatra committed suicide. 
         

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